2012考研英語(yǔ)真題經(jīng)典長(zhǎng)難句解析及翻譯

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今天距2012考研還有不到80天的時(shí)間，對(duì)于參加考研的考生來(lái)說(shuō)，距離考試的時(shí)間又臨近了，到了真正關(guān)鍵的沖刺時(shí)刻。英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句一直是大家英語(yǔ)備考的中難點(diǎn)。

新東方在線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂考研英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)，現(xiàn)將歷年考試中的經(jīng)典長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行了匯總、分析，希望廣大考生能從這些總結(jié)、歸納中吸引考試中的精華內(nèi)容，提高復(fù)習(xí)效率。

句子一：

Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分為三段：

Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant

respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of

moral choice.

第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是extremists of this kind think that… 其中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，Arguing from.。.是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。

2) the view和后面的從句that.。.是同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系

第三、詞的處理：

Arguing from the view 從……觀點(diǎn)看，持……觀點(diǎn)

different from... 與……不同

in every relevant respect 在各相關(guān)方面

extremists 極端主義者，持極端觀點(diǎn)的人

lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德問(wèn)題范圍，與道德取舍無(wú)關(guān)

參考譯文：

這類(lèi)人持極端看法，認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對(duì)待動(dòng)物無(wú)須考慮道德問(wèn)題。

句子二：

But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looks into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分為三段：

But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looks into the past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.

第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句+ for +原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

主句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句it was... that.。.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分the farthest是后面句子的狀語(yǔ)，可以理解為scientists had been able to look the farthest into the past

2) for.。.引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)，what they were seeing是從句中的主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾the patterns and structures。

第三、詞的處理：

even more important 更為重要的是

he patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)

15 billion years ago 150億年前

參考譯文：

更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測(cè)到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去的景象，因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。

句子三：

Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true。

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分為三段：

Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, / and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true。

第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是cosmic inflation is a consequence, and many astrophysicists have been convinced that it is true。其中Odd though it sounds是倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，等于 though it sounds odd

2) consequence前后有多重定語(yǔ)。

3) and many astrophysicists have been convinced為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

4) that it is true是賓語(yǔ)從句。

第三、詞的處理：

cosmic inflation 宇宙膨脹說(shuō)

scientifically plausible consequence 科學(xué)上可信的推論

in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理學(xué)

convinced 被說(shuō)服，相信

for the better part of a decade 七八年來(lái)

參考譯文：

宇宙膨脹說(shuō)雖然聽(tīng)似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理學(xué)中一些公認(rèn)的理論在科學(xué)上看來(lái)可信的推論。許多天體物理學(xué)家七八年來(lái)一直認(rèn)為這一論說(shuō)是正確的。

句子四：

Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分為三段：

Interest in historical methods has arisen / less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline / and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)

1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：Interest has arisen less through ...and more from.。.

2)并列狀語(yǔ)less through ...and more from的翻譯是關(guān)鍵，through和from意思完全相同，表示原因，直譯為：比較少的是因?yàn)?hellip;…，更多的原因是……

3)challenge后面的不定式短語(yǔ)to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline是它的定語(yǔ)，直譯對(duì)歷史作為一門(mén)學(xué)科的正確性提出異議，internal quarrels后面的介詞短語(yǔ)among historians themselves作quarrels的定語(yǔ)。

第三、詞的處理：

Interest in historical methods  對(duì)歷史方法的關(guān)注(興趣)

arisen  來(lái)自于，產(chǎn)生于challenge質(zhì)疑，挑戰(zhàn)

validity  真實(shí)性，正確性as an intellectual discipline作為一門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)(一個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域)

internal quarrels  內(nèi)部意見(jiàn)不統(tǒng)一，內(nèi)部分歧

參考譯文：

人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見(jiàn)不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)。

句子五：

During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional

methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study。

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分為三段：

During this transfer, / traditional historical methods were augmented / by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：...methods were augmented by.。.

2)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)designed to.。.作句子賓語(yǔ)methodologies的定語(yǔ)。

第三、詞的處理：

transfer  轉(zhuǎn)變

augmented  充實(shí)，補(bǔ)充

additional methodologies  新方法  designed to用來(lái)

interpret  闡釋?zhuān)�解釋�(zhuān)�說(shuō)明

the new forms of evidence  新的證據(jù)形式，根據(jù)上下文意思引申為在歷史學(xué)研究中的新史料。

參考譯文：

在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中，歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時(shí)，那些解釋新史料的新方法充實(shí)了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。