2018考研英語：有哪些是你必須記住的閱讀真題經(jīng)典長難句

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閱讀命題常針對(duì)長難句。所以很有必要熟悉長難句的種類以及它們各自的重點(diǎn)。下面給出一些典型的句子，建議熟讀甚至背誦以做到考試時(shí)碰到類似句子就能抓住重點(diǎn)。

1、復(fù)合句

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一個(gè)并列分句，表示原因，其中for后面的however +形容詞farfetched and unreasonable引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示讓步。在主干it is advisable to find out... 中，it是形式主語，后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主語。

[參考譯文]

當(dāng)藝術(shù)上的一項(xiàng)新運(yùn)動(dòng)達(dá)到一定流行程度時(shí)，最好先弄清該運(yùn)動(dòng)倡導(dǎo)者的目的，因?yàn)�，無論他們的創(chuàng)作原則在今天看來多么牽強(qiáng)、多么荒謬，在未來這些理論有可能會(huì)被視為正常的東西。

2、并列句

While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

這也是一個(gè)并列句，包含兩個(gè)分句。第一個(gè)分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether...，其中whether引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二個(gè)分句的主干是your “wares” and abilities must be displayed...。注意：pay sb. to do sth.此處的意思是“做…對(duì)…有利”;“wares”的本義是“商品、貨物”，但在本文中，作者認(rèn)為找工作就是推銷自己，所以結(jié)合本文的背景，wares的意思是“(求職者的)資歷或能力”。

[參考譯文]

與你談話時(shí)，可能成為你未來老板的人會(huì)考慮你所受的教育、你的經(jīng)歷和你的其他資歷是否在雇傭你以后會(huì)給他帶來好處。你的“資歷”和能力必須有條不紊、合理連貫地展示出來。

3、定語從句

The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

本句是一個(gè)并列句，以and連接;第一個(gè)分句的主干是The change met the technical requirements...，后面的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)by engaging a large professional element作狀語，說明met the technical requirements of the new age的方式;第二個(gè)分句的主干是(the change) prevented the decline in efficiency，后面的that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾decline in efficiency。注意：engage此處的意思是“雇，聘”。

[參考譯文]

通過雇用大量的職業(yè)人才，這一變化滿足了新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，防止了效率下降——在過去，這種效率下降經(jīng)常使家族公司在充滿活力的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代或第三代毀掉全部財(cái)產(chǎn)。

4、名詞性從句

Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

本句的主干是Online culture thinks highly of the notion that...，其中notion后面的that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語從句，說明notion的具體內(nèi)容;同位語從句的主干是the information...comes there...，其中flowing onto the screen作定語，修飾the information，句末的by specific request作狀語，修飾come there。

[參考譯文]

網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化非常推崇這樣一種理念：出現(xiàn)在用戶屏幕上的信息應(yīng)該是根據(jù)用戶特定要求發(fā)送過來的。

5、狀語從句

Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt tightening.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

本句是以and連接的并列句，其中第二個(gè)分句的主干是many say...，say后面的部分是賓語從句，其中還包含一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

[參考譯文]

消費(fèi)者們看上去只是有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心，而沒有恐慌，很多消費(fèi)者說盡管他們正在把開支緊縮一點(diǎn)，但是他們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長期前景仍然保持樂觀。

6、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句

Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，基本結(jié)構(gòu)是it is...suffering...that makes...so fascinating，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought，其中的中心詞是suffering，有兩個(gè)修飾成分：humankind’s long和at the mercy of flood and drought(受旱澇擺布)都做suffering的定語。suffering這個(gè)詞除了是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分外，還是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句的主語;在that引導(dǎo)的從句中，ideal做賓語，帶有of引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)名詞短語forcing the waters to do our bidding(讓河水聽我們吩咐)這個(gè)定語;so fascinating做ideal的賓語補(bǔ)語，說明ideal的特點(diǎn)。

[參考譯文]

也許正是因?yàn)槿祟愰L期以來遭受旱澇擺布的痛苦，才使他們制服洪水的理想顯得如此令人著迷。

(2)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

否定副詞nowhere放在句首，所以句子出現(xiàn)部分倒裝。注意：more 與否定詞nowhere一起使用，相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。dramatize此處的意思是“突出顯示，使…戲劇化”。

[參考譯文]

1980年美國的人口普查數(shù)據(jù)表明，沒有哪個(gè)地方比美國最西部更能突出顯示美國人想尋找更廣闊的生存空間。

(3)比較結(jié)構(gòu)

Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

本句是一個(gè)并列句，包含兩個(gè)以and連接的分句，其中第二個(gè)分句比較復(fù)雜：賓語是the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example，接著是to be natural and no more regrettable，這一部分作上述賓語的補(bǔ)足語，最后是比較結(jié)構(gòu)no more... than... (像…一樣不…)。

[參考譯文]

麥克沃特先生的學(xué)術(shù)專長是語言史和語言變化。舉例來說，他認(rèn)為“whom”一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的，像古英中詞格結(jié)尾的消失一樣不令人惋惜。

(4)分隔結(jié)構(gòu)

With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

本句的主干是the case is rather difficult, for... it can hardly be classed as Literature，前面的however表示本句與前一句形成對(duì)比，句首的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)With regard to Futurist poetry作狀語，其中with regard to的意思是“關(guān)于…”; for... it can hardly be classed as Literature是一個(gè)并列分句，表示原因，主干是it can hardly be classed as Literature; for后面的從句whatever Futurist poetry may be表示讓步，作狀語;破折號(hào)之間的部分even admitting that... 也是讓步狀語，其中that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句that the theory... may be right，而從句的主語theory后又帶有定語從句on which it is based。

[參考譯文]

然而就未來主義詩歌而言，情況就很難說了，因?yàn)椴还芪磥碇髁x詩歌是什么——即使承認(rèn)其理論基礎(chǔ)是正確的——也很難將其歸為文學(xué)。