2018考研英語：閱讀，小符號中的九大“秘密”

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閱讀作為考研英語的半壁江山，也是英語復習中的重難點，在討論如何攻克閱讀大關的時候大家往往注意到的是長難句、重點單詞之類的，不知道大家沒有注意過那些隱藏其中的標點符號呢，今天幫幫就帶大家一覽那些藏在標點符號背后的"大文章"。

1、逗號

用于分割并列成分。考研重點：兩個逗號之間，或者一個逗號之后，如果是補充說明成分時，跳過不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

2、句號

①用于陳述句，表示一個句子的結束， 起分割切分句子作用。

②用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr.、 Ms.、 etc。等等。如果句號作為簡寫符號使用，那么這個詞語簡寫前后面的符號應該照常寫上，因為簡寫號并非句號，也不遵循句號的語法。比如Entreprise Co., Ltd或者I invited Tom, Jerry, etc。(注意兩個點)

③用作小數點

3、問號

考研英語閱讀文章中的問號一般都是設問的功能，只問不答，答案不言自明。Eg1. 考研難道沒有價值嗎?另外，如果開篇就是問句，那么則屬于問題答案型文章，對問題的回答就是全文主旨。

4、冒號

冒號前后是從抽象到具體的過程，后面進一步補充說明前面的內容。

Eg.1997 passage 3 Q2

60. The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________。

[A] widespread [B] overwhelming

[C] piercing [D] fashionable

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves。

5、分號

前后是并列關系，包括結構上并列和語義上的并列。

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)

6、引號

①引用 ②強調 ③諷刺

Eg1 "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science。

7、括號

①解釋說明生詞;②補充說明

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)

8、破折號

①一個破折號后面起補充說明或評價判斷。

I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all。

"This book stands for reason itself。" And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate。

②兩破折號之間其補充說明，可先跳過不看。

In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia。

9、省略號

英文中的省略號的作用和漢語是一樣的。當省略號在句尾并且有下文時，應該打四個點，最后一個為句號。如：And it flew further, and further, and further.... Jorge smiled and turned back。當省略號在句尾并作為語氣延長的作用時，應使用修辭前的標點，如：Do you love me...?其余情況下使用三個點。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town, please send...more.