2018考研英語(yǔ)雙語(yǔ)閱讀：蒼蠅成了驗(yàn)尸官的助手

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Flying through a Corpse’s Clues

蒼蠅成了驗(yàn)尸官的助手，你沒看錯(cuò)!

As soon as a person dies, decomposition begins. And the first visitors arrive. "Within five to 15 minutes of death, blowflies or other insects begin to colonize the body." Rabi Musah, an organic chemist at the University at Albany.

人一死亡，分解過(guò)程就開始了。參與分解的首批訪客也隨之而來(lái)。“人死后五到十五分鐘內(nèi)，蒼蠅或其他昆蟲便開始占領(lǐng)尸體。”奧爾巴尼大學(xué)的有機(jī)化學(xué)家拉比.穆薩說(shuō)道。

She says different species turn up at different stages of decomposition. "Because of that, depending on what entomological evidence you find, you can learn something about when the person died in terms of the timing of the death."

她表示，不同物種在不同的分解階段出現(xiàn)。“因此，依據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的昆蟲學(xué)證據(jù)，可以從昆蟲的死亡時(shí)段來(lái)了解死者的死亡時(shí)間。”

Flies don’t tend to stick around when disturbed—by detectives, for example. But they do leave behind eggs. The eggs are hard to tell apart by appearance alone, so forensic entomologists rear them until they hatch, a few weeks later—getting a species ID and, with a little guesswork, a person’s time of death.

當(dāng)受到干擾時(shí)，蒼蠅便不會(huì)在附近逗留，比如它們會(huì)被偵探打擾。但是它們會(huì)留下卵。僅憑外觀很難分辨這些是哪種昆蟲的卵，所以法醫(yī)昆蟲學(xué)家會(huì)把它們養(yǎng)大直至孵化，幾周后他們就會(huì)知道這是哪個(gè)物種，再稍加猜測(cè)，便可推斷出一個(gè)人的死亡時(shí)間。

But Musah has come up with a less time-intensive approach: chemical analysis of the eggs. She and her team investigated that method by first harvesting flies with pig-liver traps stashed throughout New York City. "So it turns out that it’s easy to hide pig livers in various parts of Manhattan. There’s a lot of foliage and whatnot, so no one knew."

但是穆薩提出了一種更省時(shí)的方法：對(duì)蟲卵進(jìn)行化學(xué)分析。她和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)將豬肝藏到紐約市各處，作為誘餌來(lái)誘捕蒼蠅，以此來(lái)對(duì)這種方法進(jìn)行研究。“結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在曼哈頓各個(gè)地方藏豬肝很容易。有很多植物樹葉可以藏東西，沒人會(huì)知道。”

They collected the trapped flies and then chemically analyzed their eggs. And it turns out each species of fly egg has a unique chemical fingerprint—enough to tell the bugs apart without raising the eggs to maturity. And in a useful twist, the technique uses eggs preserved in alcohol—eggs that wouldn’t be viable for rearing live insects anyway. The study is in the journal Analytical Chemistry.

他們將捕獲的蒼蠅收集起來(lái)，然后用化學(xué)方法分析蠅卵。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，每種蠅卵都有一種獨(dú)特的化學(xué)指紋圖譜，不用等卵發(fā)育成熟也可以分辨它們。另外，這種方法還應(yīng)用了將卵保存在酒精中的技術(shù)，使卵不能孵化出活體昆蟲。這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《分析化學(xué)》期刊上。

Musah and her colleague Jennifer Rosati are now testing the method on a real case. "And once we do that we will be publishing some case studies to illustrate that this is a method that can be used, and hopefully eventually it’s something that will stand up in court."

現(xiàn)在，穆薩和同事詹妮弗.羅薩蒂將在一個(gè)真實(shí)案例上測(cè)試這種方法。“進(jìn)行測(cè)試以后，我們將發(fā)表一些案例研究結(jié)果，以證明這種方法可行，希望它最終成為在法庭上站得住腳的證據(jù)。”

And something that could speed up detective work—or help revive a cold case.

而且這種方法還能提高破案效率，或在破解懸案上提供幫助。