2018研究生考試英語（一）真題及答案（文字完整版）

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2018年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(一) 后附答案詳解

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.

4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.

11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.

Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.

1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from

2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest

3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price

4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again

5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When

6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains

7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare

8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to

9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle

10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters

11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic

12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight

13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over

14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted

15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside

16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered

17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked

18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled

19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance

20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?

Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.

This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.

The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.

Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

21.Who will be most threatened by automation?

[A] Leading politicians.

[B]Low-wage laborers.

[C]Robot owners.

[D]Middle-class workers.

22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?

[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.

[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.

[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided

23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on

[A] creative potential.

[B]job-hunting skills.

[C]individual needs.

[D]cooperative spirit.

24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at

[A] encouraging the development of automation.

[B]increasing the return on capital investment.

[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.

[D]preventing the income gap from widening.

25.In this text, the author presents a problem with

[A] opposing views on it.

[B]possible solutions to it.

[C]its alarming impacts.

[D]its major variations.

Text 2

A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.

Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.

Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.

26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on

[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.

[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.

[C] the administrations ability to handle information.

[D] social media was a reliable source of news.

27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to

[A] sharpen

[B] define

[C] boast

[D] share

28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people

[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.

[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.

[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.

[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”

29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is

[A] readers outdated values.

[B] journalists’ biased reporting

[C] readers’ misinterpretation

[D] journalists’ made-up stories.

30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend

[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.

[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.

Text 3

Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.

DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.

The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.

The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.

31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?

[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.

[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.

[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations

[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.

32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with

[A] empty promises.

[B] tough resistance.

[C] necessary adjustments.

[D] sincere apologies.

33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that

[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.

[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.

[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.

[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it

34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is

[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.

[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.

[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.

[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is

[A] ambiguous.

[B] cautious.

[C] appreciative.

[D] contemptuous.

Text 4

The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality

And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.

If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.

36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by

[A]. its unbalanced budget.

[B] .its rigid management.

[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.

[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.

37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to

[A]. the interference from interest groups.

[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.

[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.

[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.

38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by

[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.

[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.

[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.

[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.

39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with

[A] respect.

[B] tolerance.

[C] discontent.

[D] gratitude.

40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days

[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese

[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure

[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.

B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.

C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.

D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.

F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.

G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.

41. à Cà42. à 43. à F à 44 à 45.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions：

Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.

You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEET

Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

Part B

52. Directions：

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should

2018年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題答案詳解

注意：英語試卷為花卷，以答案內(nèi)容進(jìn)行核對(duì)

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】[B] for

【解析】此處考察介詞的用法。it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things (信任是一個(gè)必要條件_____許多重要事情) 此處應(yīng)該是說，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是一個(gè)必要條件。B選項(xiàng)for(對(duì)...來說)符合語義，故為正確答案;A選項(xiàng)from(來自于)，C選項(xiàng)like(像...)，D選項(xiàng)on(關(guān)于)語義不恰當(dāng)，故排除。

2、【答案】[C] faith

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business (信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任的好處。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____. (另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有C選項(xiàng)faith(信任、忠誠(chéng))與trust屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[C] faith。

3、【答案】[B] price

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任的好處。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____. (另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，并且根據(jù)空格所在句中的關(guān)鍵詞“wrong place”，本句應(yīng)該在說信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥耍�所以空格處�?yīng)該填入一個(gè)負(fù)向感情色彩的詞，故A選項(xiàng)benefit和D選項(xiàng)hope排除，而C選項(xiàng)debt(債務(wù))帶入之后語義不當(dāng)，故正確答案為[B] price(代價(jià))。

4、【答案】[D] Then

【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。上段講述的是信任的好處和信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥恕５诙�段段首提出問題：“_____我們?yōu)槭裁匆�信�?rdquo;。只有D選項(xiàng)then(那么)填入后能形成順暢的語義和邏輯關(guān)系。故正確答案為D then(那么)。A選項(xiàng)again(再次)表示強(qiáng)調(diào);B選項(xiàng)instead(但是、然而)表示轉(zhuǎn)折;C選項(xiàng)therefore(因此)表示結(jié)果，不符合要求，故排除。

5、【答案】[A] When

【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。空格所在句含義為：______人們信任一個(gè)人或一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)，他們的大腦會(huì)釋放催產(chǎn)素。只有A選項(xiàng)when(當(dāng)..時(shí)候)填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確答案為A選項(xiàng)when。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)unless(如果不)表?xiàng)l件，C選項(xiàng)although(盡管)表讓步，D選項(xiàng)until(直到...)表時(shí)間，帶入后均語義不通順，故排除。

6、【答案】[C] produce

【解析】此處考察動(dòng)賓搭配問題。上文指出：When people place their trust in an …their brains release oxytocin, a hormone.上文指出當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，后面是定語從句，句內(nèi)的動(dòng)賓搭配， 可推知這個(gè)荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒， 并且與后面的trigger同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此C .produce 正確。

7、【答案】[A] connect

【解析】此處考察上下文信息照應(yīng)題。上文講到這種荷爾蒙能夠激發(fā)一種群居本能，the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote …with one another，這種本能有兩個(gè)作用，并用and 連接，所以復(fù)現(xiàn)同義and 前面的flock together. 因此選擇A. connect

8、【答案】[B] to

【解析】此處考察上下語境下的名詞介詞搭配問題。根據(jù)上文的結(jié)論，下文實(shí)驗(yàn)展開分析，Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us….所以研究中要求受試者要先處于這種環(huán)境中，所以名詞exposure to 構(gòu)成搭配語義關(guān)系，表示“接觸”的意思，因此選擇to。

9、【答案】[D] mood

【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文提到身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會(huì)給你帶來一種愉悅的情緒pleasurable feelings，這個(gè)上文結(jié)論。實(shí)驗(yàn)中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting …，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處于這種荷爾蒙環(huán)境中，會(huì)給人帶來情緒;語氣;心境;。因此選擇 mood。

10、【答案】[A] counterparts

【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文指出，In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ,可推知本句再講與另外一組受試者比較。故選擇A。counterparts. 相對(duì)物，相對(duì)應(yīng)的人。

11、【答案】[C] Lucky

【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說明前文和后文情感是一致的關(guān)系。說我們有這兩種天賦，對(duì)大家來說都是好事，所以需要選擇一個(gè)正向的情感色彩。只能選擇lucky。A選項(xiàng)odd 奇怪的是，B選項(xiàng)funny 有趣的是，D選項(xiàng)ironic 諷刺的是，皆不符合文意。

12、【答案】[A] protect

【解析】此處考察上下文的成分搭配。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說明前文和后文情感是并列平行關(guān)系，前后情感應(yīng)該一致。所以此處只能選擇protect 保護(hù)我們，符合文意。B選項(xiàng)delight 使高興; C 選項(xiàng) surprise 使震驚;D選項(xiàng)monitor 監(jiān)控皆不符合文意。

13、【答案】[D] between

【解析】此處考察固定搭配。differentiate between A and B. 介詞between表示在A和B之間 , 原文含義為：“4個(gè)月大的孩子可以區(qū)分出一個(gè)可信的人和一個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人”。

14、【答案】[C] introduced

【解析】此處考察成分搭配。原文表達(dá)： Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container. 只有C選項(xiàng)be introduced to sth表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某事物”，符合文意。A 選項(xiàng)added 添加;B選項(xiàng)transferred轉(zhuǎn)移;D選項(xiàng) entrusted 委托，皆不符合文意。

15、【答案】[B] inside

【解析】此處考察介詞搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。原文表達(dá)：“What’s in here?” before looking into the container…… Each subject was then invited to _________. 只有選擇B選項(xiàng)inside 才能和前文所表達(dá)的in here和looking into一脈相承。

16、【答案】[D] discovered

【解析】此處考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。根據(jù)原文Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty… 這是用分號(hào)并列的連個(gè)句子，都是在講試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致，前半句再講一半的受測(cè)者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句肯定是再說另半會(huì)怎么樣，兩個(gè)小分句的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致Half of them = the other half，found=16，a toy= the container was empty，所以16題填入的應(yīng)該是found的同義詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

17、【答案】[A] fooled

【解析】此處句間邏輯關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。—and realized the tester had 17 them，此句位于破折號(hào)后面，是對(duì)前面意思的解釋說明。前面提到另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的，并且意識(shí)到測(cè)試者對(duì)他們?cè)趺礃樱�既然盒子是空的那么肯定認(rèn)識(shí)到測(cè)試者是在戲弄他們，所以作對(duì)此題必須要理解tester測(cè)試者是主語，賓語是them指的是受測(cè)者，主語的意思決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的含義為戲弄，故A fooled為正確選項(xiàng)。

18、【答案】[B] willing

【解析】 此處考察搭配關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)介詞短語意為在所有沒有被戲弄過的孩子里面，大多數(shù)的孩子在習(xí)得一種新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試者的合作是怎么樣的，demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，所以既然信任他們就是愿意與其合作，故選擇B. willing，與were willing to 構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為愿意。

19、【答案】[D] In contrast

【解析】此處考察句間的邏輯關(guān)系。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity. 通過該句中的only僅僅，可以看出與上文的 the majority of 形成鮮明的對(duì)比，19題應(yīng)該填入的應(yīng)該是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，與上文形成對(duì)比的邏輯關(guān)系詞。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A表示總結(jié)，B表示結(jié)果，C表示舉例子，只有D表示轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

20、【答案】[C] unreliable

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.該句含義為：在接下來的活動(dòng)中30個(gè)孩子中只有5個(gè)孩子與。。。樣的測(cè)試者能合作，所以結(jié)合上文提到的大部分孩子信任測(cè)試者，但是5/30屬于一小部分，大部分對(duì)應(yīng)的是信任，那么小比例的對(duì)應(yīng)的是不信任，所以 tester的修飾詞應(yīng)該為C，unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】D Middle-class workers

【解析】根據(jù)題干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句話，可以得知相對(duì)于低收入者和富人，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受到的沖擊最大。

22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

【解析】根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But ... middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”，but轉(zhuǎn)折句再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，即中產(chǎn)階級(jí)工人需要很多幫助來調(diào)整應(yīng)對(duì)問題。同時(shí)，末句中”may need a lot of help”同義替換成選項(xiàng)C中的“need to be tackled”，自動(dòng)化帶來的問題需要被解決，得出C答案。

23、【答案】A creative potential

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”。由該句可知，課程應(yīng)該更關(guān)注創(chuàng)造性和復(fù)雜的溝通而非記憶事實(shí)。所以，應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)creative potential(創(chuàng)造潛能)，同義替換為creativity。

24、【答案】D preventing the income gap from widening

【解析】該題考查作者的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第六段第一句“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。由該句可知，由于自動(dòng)化加大了資本收入和勞動(dòng)力收入的差距，所以應(yīng)該重新考慮稅收和安全網(wǎng)(保障措施)，即稅收政策應(yīng)該避免收入差距擴(kuò)大，選D選項(xiàng)preventing the income gap from widening。

25、【答案】B possible solutions to it

【解析】作者在文章第一、二段提出問題“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受自動(dòng)化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中產(chǎn)階級(jí)需要幫助去適應(yīng)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，接下來第四段至第六段介紹解決方法，最后一段表明作者觀點(diǎn)。所以應(yīng)該選B 選項(xiàng)possible solutions to it(解決問題的相應(yīng)方法)。

Text 2

26、【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news

【解析】雙段推理題。根據(jù)題目定位到第1段和第2段，雙段推理優(yōu)先考慮雙段主旨。第一段中心句為最后一句話：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform。“千禧一代喜歡白宮直接發(fā)布的消息…而不是總統(tǒng)社交媒體發(fā)布的信息”，說明他們不太信任社交媒體。第2段中心為第二句轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說明對(duì)于社交媒體的不信任上升。故雙段中心都和他們不信任社交媒體相關(guān)。結(jié)合以上信息，得出社交媒體信息不可靠，選擇D。

27、【答案】[A] sharpen

【解析】詞匯釋義題。根據(jù)題目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判斷，因?yàn)槎禾?hào)前提到“人們對(duì)于所有媒體的不信任增加”，可以推知人們應(yīng)該開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能，故選A。

28. 【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.

【解析】范例證明題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句話。因?yàn)槟稠?xiàng)研究一般是論據(jù)證明前面的論點(diǎn)，故答案應(yīng)該位于第一句話“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 說明答案應(yīng)該“和年輕人更容易把網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的事實(shí)和虛假信息區(qū)分開來”，故答案為B“驗(yàn)證新聞的真?zhèn)?rdquo;。為了精確可以在論據(jù)中去驗(yàn)證，論據(jù)中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different perspectives”，都是和多重角度驗(yàn)證信息真?zhèn)蜗嚓P(guān)的。

29. 【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation

【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason對(duì)應(yīng)the top reason，而原文剩余信息為“reader error”, 所以應(yīng)該和讀者相關(guān)。Error應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)misinterpretation, 故答案為C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句進(jìn)一步說明答案的內(nèi)容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news進(jìn)一步印證C為正確答案。

30. 【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

【解析】全文主旨題。本篇文章屬于篇首轉(zhuǎn)折，二段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為全文主旨，yet之后說道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“隨著對(duì)于所有媒體不信任的上升，人們開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能”，故答案為A。為了驗(yàn)證，可以看篇末，篇末重申主題，so之后講道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更進(jìn)一步說明和人們批判性看待社交媒體上的新聞相關(guān)。

Text 3

31、【答案】[B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根據(jù)a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy這一部分的語義信息，說明NHS與DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒有充分考慮到病人的權(quán)利與隱私。這句話的言外之意就是協(xié)議未能充分關(guān)注病人的權(quán)利。故確定答案為選項(xiàng)B，其中failed to是took far too little account的同義改寫。

32、【答案】[C] necessary adjustments.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根據(jù)第二句的語義信息，NHS trust針對(duì)Denham’s verdict已經(jīng)調(diào)整了其與DeepMind的協(xié)議內(nèi)容，故通過同義替換，可確定正確答案為C。

33、【答案】[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.

【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干，此題定位在第二段最后一句but之后的轉(zhuǎn)折句。“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”. 這種區(qū)分忽視了一個(gè)點(diǎn)：是處理和收集賦予數(shù)據(jù)意義，而不是擁有數(shù)據(jù)。 選項(xiàng)中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 選項(xiàng)中的“the value of data”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“data value”。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

34、【答案】[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干此題定位在文中最后一段的第四句。“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是這些進(jìn)步屬于一個(gè)私人壟斷企業(yè)，而私人壟斷企來使用公共資源進(jìn)行研發(fā)。而這正真正的擔(dān)憂所在。因此，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的a private monopoly。

35、【答案】[B] cautious

【解析】態(tài)度題。本題考查作者對(duì)本文主題“將人工智能應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療健康”的態(tài)度。根據(jù)順序性原則定位在最后一段。該段倒數(shù)第三句話指出“我們目前依然處于這一改革的前期，并且任何小的選擇都會(huì)對(duì)未來產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”，其中“still”一詞，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)對(duì)比，都體現(xiàn)出了作者對(duì)待整個(gè)事件是小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，因此[B] cautious為正確答案。

Text 4

36、【答案】[B] its rigid management

【解析】根據(jù)題干判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。第一段的前三句都是有關(guān)USPS的具體數(shù)字，屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息。第四句出現(xiàn)many reasons很多原因。緊接著下面就有fundamentally根本原因是， 所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句，USPS 處在squeeze between 1 and 2,中，1是technological change, 2是structure. 2的structure后定語從句：denies management flexibility 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B: rigid management。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】：選項(xiàng)A，budget文中未有涉及。 選項(xiàng)C，雖然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定語從句說的是：技術(shù)改革降低需求，并沒有提到cost成本問題。選項(xiàng)D，the withdrawal of bank support 銀行支持撤銷了，原文并沒有提及銀行支持，直接排除。

37、【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups

【解析】 根據(jù)題干due to，判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在這句前l(fā)eaving，留下，導(dǎo)致這個(gè)結(jié)果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation, 而且這句前還有this is why，只要找到代詞this指代就可以判斷選項(xiàng)。代詞往前推，根據(jù)這句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress選擇選項(xiàng)A，interference 對(duì)應(yīng) exert pressure on。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】選項(xiàng)B，the inadequate funding from Congress,原文雖然有提到Congress國(guó)會(huì)，the aspect of status quo get protected, 國(guó)會(huì)保護(hù)USPS，并沒有提及inadequate funding基金不足。選項(xiàng)C，the shrinking demand for postal service 郵政需求縮減，文中沒有提及。選項(xiàng)D, the incompetence of postal unions 郵政工會(huì)的不作為。文章有提到工會(huì)，但是只提他們是屬于Interest groups,并沒有提到無作為。

38、【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care

【解析】 因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)38題題干The long-standing complaint by the ....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....” .再根據(jù)題干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通過哪種方式解決，此處為解題要點(diǎn)，通過哪種方式來解決，前后明顯為結(jié)果與途徑的關(guān)系，即可理解為因果關(guān)系。文章此句后半句正是題干，thus前半句為答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。與 A. B . C .D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配后，正確答案為 A removing its burden of retiree health care。

39、【答案】[C] discontent

【解析】根據(jù)題干可以判斷本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。回文定位到最后一段。題干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具體定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根據(jù)題干，問作者最終態(tài)度，本段最后一句，轉(zhuǎn)折句是作者最終的態(tài)度：“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者認(rèn)為他們并沒有認(rèn)真對(duì)待。所以此處作者態(tài)度為否定。匹配A B C D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng) 只有C discontent( 不滿)為負(fù)向信息，所以為正確答案。

40、【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

【解析】根據(jù)題干特征詞“best title”，這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)前四道題問的主題，第一道題和第二道題是USPS出現(xiàn)了問題，并分析原因，第三道題給出解決方法，第四道題提到作者對(duì)于這個(gè)方法的態(tài)度，即提出問題—分析問題—解決問題，并在最后給出作者對(duì)這個(gè)解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)這個(gè)文章框架，首先A選項(xiàng)“USPS開始錯(cuò)過了它的好時(shí)光”，這只是提出問題，相對(duì)片面;B選項(xiàng)“USPS：不要?jiǎng)游业哪汤?rdquo;, 這是拒絕解決問題的態(tài)度，不符合文章的寫作思路;C選項(xiàng)“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，這個(gè)chronic和quick都沒有在文中提到;D選項(xiàng)“USPS需要的不僅僅是權(quán)宜之計(jì)”，這說的其實(shí)作者對(duì)于解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)，在文章最后一段。這段最后結(jié)尾有But，有however， “it[指代前文講的方法] is not a sign……”，對(duì)此作者表示否定態(tài)度。所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

Part B

41、【答案】 [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB) commands a…

【解析】 E段首先介紹EEOB的全稱，對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述提出話題，可選為41題答案。同時(shí)，從給定選項(xiàng)C第一句提到the State, War，and Navy Building…，the在此特指，可以作為另一一個(gè)線索，在E選項(xiàng)中最后一句，復(fù)現(xiàn)了the State, War，and Navy Building...。故41題答案選E。

42、【答案】[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

【解析】C選項(xiàng)最后一句談到了many historic events(建筑內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)了歷史事件)，而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的歷史...)，意思一致，承上啟下，故42題答案選G。

43、【答案】[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed…

【解析】確定G后，根據(jù)G選項(xiàng)最后一句，...the demolition of the State Department Building(談到拆除the State Department Building), 而A選項(xiàng)中談到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department，建立一個(gè)新的State Department Building，前后意思順接，故43題答案選A。

44、【答案】[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing…

【解析】 根據(jù)給定的F段，首句是段落大意，該句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by wing(該建筑逐翼展開). 而B選項(xiàng)第一句談到了...south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B選項(xiàng)最后一句又談到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至東翼). 先在F段總起，再在B段中分說，前后對(duì)應(yīng)，故44題答案選B.

45、【答案】[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

【解析】 B段結(jié)尾處談到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(這些精美的墻....裝飾了秘書處的辦公室)，而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(歷史事件在這些EEOB的墻上呈現(xiàn)), the wall原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，兩句話意思一致，故45題答案選D。

Section III Translation

(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.

【題目考點(diǎn)】代詞還原;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】and并列兩個(gè)句子，主干分別為：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama為定語修飾the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy為狀語

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】witness 見證 religious宗教的 drama戲劇 incentive刺激

【參考譯文】莎士比亞出生之時(shí)，歐洲宗教戲劇正在消逝，在古典悲劇和戲劇的推動(dòng)下，很多新的戲劇形式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。

(47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

【題目考點(diǎn)】定語從句;賓語從句;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾boy， that引導(dǎo)為形容詞ignorant的賓語從句，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a form of literature， gave…and might bring honor…為先行詞a form of literature的并列謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】grammar school 文法學(xué)校 ignorant忽視 literature文學(xué) glory 榮耀

【參考譯文】任何文法學(xué)校的學(xué)生都知道戲劇是一種文學(xué)形式，它曾給希臘和羅馬帶來榮耀，也許同樣會(huì)給英格蘭帶來殊榮。

(48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.

【題目考點(diǎn)】并列句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】并列句主干分別為：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】professional 專業(yè)的 prosper繁榮 permanent theater永久性劇院

【參考譯文】但是專業(yè)公司的永久性劇院卻興旺起來，于是高校一些有著文學(xué)抱負(fù)的人迅速抓住機(jī)遇，將其作為一個(gè)謀生手段。

(49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

【題目考點(diǎn)】伴隨狀語，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。and前的句子主干為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：a … drama had been created, with引導(dǎo)一個(gè)伴隨狀語;and后的句子也為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】alliance作為名詞意為“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合;聯(lián)姻”，常與介詞with進(jìn)行搭配使用。establish作為動(dòng)詞意為“建立，創(chuàng)辦”，也可引申為“誕生”。at least為固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作為名詞表示“傳統(tǒng)，慣例”。

【參考譯文】一種本土文學(xué)戲劇形式誕生了，它與公共劇院結(jié)成聯(lián)盟，至少它的一些優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)開始登上歷史舞臺(tái)了。

(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

【題目考點(diǎn)】非謂語，賓語從句，定語從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句部分為“we must remember…”，主句之前的非謂語to realize作為目的狀語，后接了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。主句中，兩個(gè)that分別引導(dǎo)了兩個(gè)remember的賓語從句，其中第二個(gè)賓語從句中，有一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾author of note。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】realize作為動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)，了解，認(rèn)識(shí)到”。dramatic為drama的形容詞形式，意思為“戲劇的，引人注目的，激動(dòng)人心的”。survive作為動(dòng)詞表示“幸存，活下來;比…活得長(zhǎng)”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

【參考譯文】為了了解戲劇性活動(dòng)有多么偉大，我們必須牢記大量的戲劇已經(jīng)被遺忘了，并且有可能沒有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下來。

Section IV Writing

51.【參考范文】

Dear professors,

I, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.

The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning, from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. The details about the ceremony are as follows. First and foremost, the president will make a speech for the graduates, blessing them to have a bright future. In addition, several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates.

It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of you in the graduation ceremony. Therefore, we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.

Your sincerely,

Li Ming

52.【參考范文】

Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a computer, a college student is choosing his optional class, wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking.

It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that everyone, especially college students, should have the spirit of creation and innovation. To put it another way, innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed. This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma, at least once in life. Such a dilemma may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life. Then there are two choices before him: making a creative choice or an easier one. If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier, difficult as it will be, success will be the result one day. However, although it seems to be much easier for him at the moment, the latter choice may kill off his dream and ambition, and such choice then will be a pity all his life.

As college student, definitely, we are facing or will face many difficulties. At such moment, we should bear in mind that creation is a necessary and indispensable quality in our life, a positive attitude to life and an approach to success. Keep the spirit of innovation, and we will win a better life.