2021考研英語(yǔ)備考資料：新冠病毒可能已傳播多年

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As COVID-19 has hitchhiked around the globe,causing lockdowns, pneumonia and fear, scientistshave been racing to determine where the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has come from.

新冠病毒在全球傳播，導(dǎo)致多地封城，并引發(fā)了肺炎和恐慌，科學(xué)家們一直在努力確定新冠病毒的來(lái)源。

While we don't have all the answers yet - includingwhether it came from an animal reservoir - a newanalysis has definitively put to rest the conspiraciesthat claim it's a lab-made disease.

雖然我們還沒(méi)有弄清所有問(wèn)題，如病毒是否來(lái)自動(dòng)物宿主，但新的分析結(jié)果的確終結(jié)了病毒來(lái)自于實(shí)驗(yàn)室的說(shuō)法。

The study raises some interesting possibilities regarding the origin of the new coronavirus. Oneof the scenarios suggests the virus may have been circulating harmlessly in human populationsfor quite a while before it became the pandemic that's now stopped the world in its tracks.

這項(xiàng)研究針對(duì)新冠病毒的來(lái)源提出了幾種有趣的可能性。其中一種設(shè)想是病毒可能已經(jīng)在人類中無(wú)害傳播了很久，然后才發(fā)展成了疫情，導(dǎo)致世界停滯不前。

"It is possible that a progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 jumped into humans, acquiring [new genomicfeatures] through adaptation during undetected human-to-human transmission," the teamfrom the US, UK and Australia writes in the study.

這個(gè)來(lái)自美國(guó)、英國(guó)和澳大利亞的團(tuán)隊(duì)在研究中寫(xiě)道：“可能最初的新冠病毒進(jìn)入人體以后，在未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的人際傳播中為了適應(yīng)人體環(huán)境獲得了‘新的基因組特征’。”

"Once acquired, these adaptations would enable the pandemic to take off and produce asufficiently large cluster of cases."

“一旦獲得了‘新的基因組特征’，就會(huì)爆發(fā)疫情，產(chǎn)生一個(gè)足夠大的病例群。”

The researchers analysed genomic data available from SARS-CoV-2 and other similarcoronaviruses, showing that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) sections of SARS-CoV-2 spikeproteins were so effective at binding to human cells, they had to be caused by naturalselection.

研究人員分析了從新冠病毒和其他類似的冠狀病毒中獲取的基因組數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)新冠病毒刺突蛋白的受體結(jié)合區(qū)和人體細(xì)胞能有效結(jié)合，這些都要通過(guò)自然選擇實(shí)現(xiàn)。

"By comparing the available genome sequence data for known coronavirus strains, we canfirmly determine that SARS-CoV-2 originated through natural processes," said one of theresearchers, immunologist Kristian Andersen at Scripps Research.

參與這項(xiàng)研究的斯克利普斯研究所的免疫學(xué)家Kristian Andersen說(shuō)：“通過(guò)比較已知冠狀病毒毒株可用的基因組序列數(shù)據(jù)，我們可以確定新冠病毒源于自然過(guò)程。”

"Two features of the virus, the mutations in the RBD portion of the spike protein and itsdistinct backbone, rules out laboratory manipulation as a potential origin for SARS-CoV-2."

“這個(gè)病毒的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)，刺突蛋白的受體結(jié)合區(qū)和它的主干的突變，都排除了實(shí)驗(yàn)室操作是新冠病毒潛在來(lái)源的可能性。”