It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
【解析】
It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
主句:it is imagined,其中it為形式主語,而that引導的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主語從句,為真正的主語。原文中有三個被動語態is imagined,be compared和be required,譯成漢語都變成了主動表達:“認為”、“相比”和“掌握”。具體為:
(1)It is imagined by many 此處是“It+被動語態+that”形式的處理,譯為“很多人認為”。
(2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此處所用的是譯成漢語主動句的處理方法,并保存原文主語譯為“普通人的思維活動根本無法與這些思維過程(科學家的思維過程)相比”。
(3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此處所用的是譯成漢語被動句的處理方法,譯為“認為這些思維過程是必須由某種專門訓練才能掌握”。