1、Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status. 老師,麻煩您把"in response... status"這部分的結構給分析下吧,謝謝!
解析:children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status是從句,children是主語,commit賓語,in response to 狀語。
本句是賓語從句,難點在in response to后的翻譯,切分意群:Theories focusing on the role of society/ suggest /that children commit crimes /in response to their failure /to rise above their socioeconomic status.需要大家來意譯:
強調社會角色的理論認為,孩子們犯罪是他們自己沒有成功地超越現有的社會經濟地位的(自發的,本能的)反應行為。
2、Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
解析:首先我們來切分意群:Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
然后我們在翻譯時要注意:
1)主干結構是主從復合句:Some philosophers argue that...
2)that引導的是賓語從句
3)as part of.。。是賓語從句中的rights的主語補足語。
同時我們學員在翻譯時要注意以下的詞匯:
argue 論證
a social contract 社會契約
as part of 作為(是)……的一部分
entitlements 利益,權利
綜合以上的分析我們可以意譯:
有些哲學家論證說,權利只存在社會契約中,是責任與利益相交換的一部分。
3、It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all。
解析:首先我們來切分意群:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think /that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or /with no consideration at all。
然后我們翻譯時要注意以下幾個部分:
1) it invites you to think that…后面是賓語從句。
2) animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要么……要么……,是表示選擇的方式狀語。
3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語。