2015考研英語(yǔ)：搞定寫(xiě)作so easy

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考研英語(yǔ)大作文的話(huà)題演變經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)階段，從91年到96年是一些命題作文，這使得考生在內(nèi)容上不會(huì)無(wú)話(huà)可說(shuō)，因?yàn)閮?nèi)容的限定也使得考生基本上不會(huì)跑題，總體上考生在寫(xiě)作部分的分?jǐn)?shù)不會(huì)拉得很遠(yuǎn)；隨著考試難度增加，寫(xiě)作部分也進(jìn)行了改革，從97年開(kāi)始作文部分的題目沒(méi)有了限定，而是加入了對(duì)一幅圖畫(huà)或是表格的分析和理解。

接下來(lái)老師把98-14年的大作文進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)，以便同學(xué)們對(duì)考研英語(yǔ)作文的話(huà)題方向有個(gè)大致了解：

話(huà)題的抽取并不是一件難事，一定注意的是不要跑題。有的同學(xué)會(huì)想著標(biāo)新立異，想著自己的角度和思路新穎一些，比如05年的圖畫(huà)文字是“養(yǎng)老”足球賽，圖畫(huà)中間是一個(gè)蜷縮的老人被比成踢來(lái)踢去的足球，四周是他的三個(gè)兒子和一個(gè)女兒，都守著自己的球門(mén)，避免讓老人進(jìn)來(lái)，這反映的是大家對(duì)于養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題的漠視。而有的同學(xué)會(huì)有非常奇葩的想法，認(rèn)為圖畫(huà)中只有小女兒在張開(kāi)雙臂迎接老父親的到來(lái)，因此立意為養(yǎng)兒不如養(yǎng)女好。為了避免跑題，大家需要注意的是在拿到圖畫(huà)時(shí)首先關(guān)注的是圖畫(huà)的文字，因?yàn)槲淖謧鬟_(dá)的意思更為直接明了；另外大家的話(huà)題一定要有趨同性，不可想著標(biāo)新立異，反映的話(huà)題要大眾化一些。

這種作文類(lèi)型的出現(xiàn)對(duì)于寫(xiě)作部分是個(gè)改革上的飛躍，學(xué)生可以自由發(fā)揮，仁者見(jiàn)仁智者見(jiàn)智，不必拘泥于常規(guī)性的題目。但有的同學(xué)會(huì)害怕這種題目的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致自己無(wú)話(huà)可說(shuō)，畢竟是應(yīng)試，題目總有它的規(guī)律和法則，接下來(lái)老師會(huì)教給大家怎樣做得到有話(huà)可說(shuō)，會(huì)告訴大家每一段的每一句話(huà)都寫(xiě)些什么內(nèi)容。話(huà)題趨同的情況下，每個(gè)學(xué)生需要做的就是在語(yǔ)言上使自己盡量出彩，多一些復(fù)雜句，詞匯變化多一些。作文的提高需要大家在一些綱領(lǐng)引領(lǐng)下去積累屬于自己的素材。
考試大綱對(duì)于大作文的要求在于內(nèi)容的完整性、組織的連貫性、語(yǔ)法和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性及多樣性，做到這幾方面對(duì)于大家來(lái)說(shuō)并不是很難，內(nèi)容上不要跑題，文章三段式，變換句式、語(yǔ)法和詞匯。

從03年到14年的大作文提綱如下：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

按上述大綱，我們把文章分成三段式，引入段、意義闡釋段和總結(jié)評(píng)論段。各個(gè)段落的字?jǐn)?shù)分配如下：第一段2-4句話(huà)，30-60詞；第二段4-9句話(huà)，100-120詞；第三段3-4句話(huà)，30-60詞。

我們首先來(lái)看引入段，大家的困惑在于：抓不住圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容；不熟悉描述句式。所以下邊給大家具體分析首段應(yīng)該如何寫(xiě)：第一句要用一個(gè)倒裝句式，對(duì)應(yīng)到圖畫(huà)中我們要找出中心事物及位置，把時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)放到句首的話(huà)可以利用一下倒裝；第二或三句對(duì)上一句提到的中心事物及周邊事物進(jìn)行描述，可以采用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句等語(yǔ)法形式，對(duì)于配圖文字可以不用處理，或者翻譯成諺語(yǔ)或貼合主題的話(huà)；第三或四句是總結(jié)句，這句話(huà)的句式需要大家積累。在首段的三句話(huà)中，第一句話(huà)和第三句話(huà)比較容易，第二句話(huà)需要大家不斷加以練習(xí)。以下是三篇文章的首段，希望大家可以模仿借鑒。

例2007

As is vividly shown above in the picture, in front of the football stands a young athlete, imagining the goal keeper is so giant that hardly can he score the goal, on the contrary, the goal keeper minimizes himself, wondering whether he can keep the net. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean. 

例2011

As is shown above, on the lake floats a boat, on which one couple of tourists are throwing waste into the lake, which has been in a mess and full of various wastes including lunch boxes, fishbone and its like. The primary purpose of the picture above is that due attention should be paid to urgent problem that people’s inappropriate behaviours lead to the severe destruction of environment.

例2008

As is shown above, in the picture run two-legged people, heading toward the same direction side by side, holding each other’s shoulders tightly, with crutches being put aside. The caption indicates, “You have merely one leg and so do I. Helping each other, we can travel extensively.” The author’s real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg.

因?yàn)榭佳兄械膶?xiě)作大小作文占了30分，如果大家努力按照文都老師的要求去多積累一些，拿到20分以上不是一件難事。考研英語(yǔ)國(guó)家線(xiàn)一般在四五十分，20分將近一半的比例，所以希望大家在這方面多投入一些精力和時(shí)間。

第二段意義闡述段的攻略講解，在這一段，第一句提出論點(diǎn)，論點(diǎn)要準(zhǔn)確，即話(huà)題要趨同不要跑題；論點(diǎn)要清晰，即在首句中要有能夠涵蓋主題的關(guān)鍵詞；論點(diǎn)要精彩，即語(yǔ)言要有亮點(diǎn)，比如采用一些復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法像非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句類(lèi)、介詞短語(yǔ)等。第二句可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)，如正面話(huà)題，Were there no the Hope Project, those children would never receive the precious knowledge. 可提煉出這樣的句式：Were there no sth., sb. would never do sth. 如負(fù)面話(huà)題，Were the situation to continue, we would pay high price. 第三句就論點(diǎn)展開(kāi)論述，就如同中文中的論證方法有對(duì)比論證、舉例論證、引用名言論證等等，下邊介紹幾種常用方法：

(一)因果法

1.There are many causes/reasons for the dramatic growth/decrease. Firstly,...secondly,...finally,...

2. A number of factors can account for the change in...

(二)例證法

1.As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can — be it money or goods—to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.（01年）  

2.A case in point is the successful launching of "Shenzhou 7 Spacecraft" which sets china in a high position of aviation and space flight. Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the future and need to do further research in space technology. Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. If we pass this test and are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall not stop making efforts. Instead, we are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses. We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.（04年） 

(三)比較與對(duì)比法

The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always make adequate preparations to meet... as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see them pass by. Obviously, the two different attitudes towards opportunities may lead to quite different consequences.

大家在論證方法上可以多種方法同時(shí)采用，比如上文例證法01年的愛(ài)心主題例子是在遇到自然災(zāi)害的時(shí)候，中國(guó)人民無(wú)私捐獻(xiàn)財(cái)力物力；04年的例子是神舟七號(hào)衛(wèi)星發(fā)射的成功既是機(jī)遇又是挑戰(zhàn)，另一個(gè)例子是如果考上研究生對(duì)于大家既是機(jī)遇也是挑戰(zhàn)。建議大家的一點(diǎn)是在例證法上，要多積累一些時(shí)事、時(shí)下勵(lì)志人物等相關(guān)的例子，在考試之前準(zhǔn)備好，可以找老師幫忙翻譯好，在考試時(shí)可以信手拈來(lái)，祝大家考研順利！