2016考研英語(yǔ)：并列句中的省略現(xiàn)象

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英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中有一個(gè)不成文的原則，叫作避免重復(fù)原則。比方說(shuō)在并列句中，并列連詞左右兩邊的部分，在內(nèi)容上有重復(fù)的，一般后面的部分要省略掉重復(fù)的內(nèi)容。但是兩邊部分的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)一定是對(duì)稱的和平衡的。具體如下：

1.如果并列句中的左右兩個(gè)分句主語(yǔ)雖然不同，但是兩個(gè)分句有相同的be動(dòng)詞，那么可以省略連詞和后一個(gè)分局的be動(dòng)詞

【例句】

Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.
→Failing hips can be replaced,（省略and）clinical depression（省略can be）controlled,（省略and）cataracts（省略can be）removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.

髖骨壞了可以更換，臨床的憂郁癥可以得到控制，白內(nèi)障僅用30分鐘手術(shù)就能治好。

2.如果并列句中左右兩個(gè)分句出現(xiàn)重復(fù)的部分，那么后一個(gè)分句可以省略重復(fù)的部分，但是沒(méi)重復(fù)的部分要保留

【例句】

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know for sure?

→Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know（省略that smoking would kill us）for sure?

你還記得那些年科學(xué)家說(shuō)吸煙會(huì)致命，但懷疑者堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我們并不確定吸煙是否真的會(huì)致命嗎？

3.在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分

【例句】

Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed it to a policeman.

→Tom picked up a coin in the road and（省略Tom）handed it to a policeman.

湯姆在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把它交給了警察。

補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

并列連詞and, but, as well as, or, or else, both…and…, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but (also), rather than, as…as等以及從屬連詞than可連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的詞和對(duì)等的結(jié)構(gòu)。

（1）所連接的謂語(yǔ)形式必須一致

【例句】He went shopping, bought some gifts and visited his old friend.

（2）所連接的詞或短語(yǔ)形式必須一致

【例句】We often go fishing as well as swimming.

（3）連接的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式必須一致

【例句】People find eating vegetables more healthy than fasting.

（4）所連接的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須一致

【例句】My girlfriend is pleased with what I have said and all that I have done.