2016考研英語(yǔ)之連接詞的用法

5.Both...and...只能用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的詞或短語(yǔ)，不能連接句子。例句：

His plan is both easy and practical. 他的計(jì)劃既容易又實(shí)用。

Zhang Yimou is a famous director both at home and abroad. 張藝謀是一位在國(guó)內(nèi)外都著名的導(dǎo)演。

Both this plane and its engines are made in China. 飛機(jī)和它的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都是中國(guó)制造的。

6.Not only...but also...不但能連接詞和短語(yǔ)，而且還能連接分句。Also 有時(shí)省略。例如：

He is not only an actor but also a writer. 他不僅是演員，而且是作家。

He not only read it but also remembered what he had read. 他不但讀過(guò)，而且記住了所讀過(guò)的東西。

When we talk about the universe, we mean not only the earth, the sun, and the moon, but (also) all the other things too far away for us to see. 當(dāng)我們談到宇宙時(shí)，我們不但指地球、太陽(yáng)和月亮，而且還指一切遠(yuǎn)得看不見(jiàn)的其他東西。

注意：not only 位于句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)需要倒裝。

Not only did he say it but (also) he did it. 他不但說(shuō)了，而且做了。

Not only do the nurses want a pay rise, but also they want reduced hours. 護(hù)士們不但要求加工資，而且還要求縮短工時(shí)。

7.Either...or...表示選擇，"或者…或者…"、"不是….就是…"的意思。注意either...or...(整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí))句子中的動(dòng)詞通常要和鄰近的主語(yǔ)相一致。例如：

Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你錯(cuò)了，就是我錯(cuò)了。

Either you or he is going to get the job. 不是你就是他將獲得這份工作。

Can I borrow either your car or your bike? 我可以借用你的汽車(chē)或者你的自行車(chē)嗎?

If you're late, you should make an apology to the host either immediately or later. 如果你遲到了，你應(yīng)該立即或事后向主人道歉。

8.Neither...nor...表示"既不….又不…"的意思。注意neither...nor...整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常要和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致：

Neither the students nor I am ready yet. 學(xué)生們和我都還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好。

He worked neither for fame nor for money. 他干工作既不圖名又不圖利。

The girl could neither speak nor write the language. 這個(gè)女孩既不會(huì)說(shuō)也不會(huì)寫(xiě)那種語(yǔ)言。

9.So(因此)，引導(dǎo)表示結(jié)果的分句，原因分句在前。(與for相反)

It's getting dark, so I must be going. 天黑了，因此我得走了。

I had a headache, so I went to bed early last night. 我頭痛，于是昨晚很早就睡了。

10.Yet (然而)，有時(shí)和and 一起用，表示吃驚、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，相當(dāng)于but at the same time, however, nevertheless。例如：

She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her. 她既虛榮又愚蠢，然而人們卻喜歡她。 He worked hard, yet he failed. 他很努力，然而卻失敗了。

It's strange, yet it's true. 這事有點(diǎn)怪，卻是真的。

He's a wealthy, yet honest, businessman. 他是個(gè)富有而又誠(chéng)實(shí)的商人。

It is only a little shop and yet it always has such lovely decorations. 那只是個(gè)小店，卻總是有漂亮的裝飾。

You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year. 你能在五分鐘內(nèi)畫(huà)出一匹好看的馬，然而你讓我等了一年。

(二)從屬連詞從屬連詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的。

1.連詞that, if, whether，連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose以及連接副詞how, when, why, where可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞從句，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。非正式文體中的賓語(yǔ)從句常省略that。例如

I think (that) he'll be back in an hour. 我認(rèn)為他一小時(shí)后就會(huì)回來(lái)。

Who they are doesn't matter much. 他們是誰(shuí)沒(méi)什么大關(guān)系。

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他問(wèn)我是否認(rèn)識(shí)約翰。

此外，that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等還可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

2.連詞when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例：

She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的時(shí)候，和我打了招呼。

I'll wait here until you come back. 我將在這里等你回來(lái)。

3.連詞if, unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句;because, as, since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

I'll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我，我就幫助她。

I won't help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我，否則我不會(huì)幫她。

He didn't come because he was ill. 因?yàn)樗�病了，所以沒(méi)來(lái)。

As he hasn't appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，我們就先開(kāi)始吧。

Since everybody is here, let's begin. 既然大家都到了，咱們就開(kāi)始吧。

4.連詞in order than, so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句;so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把門(mén)鎖上了，以便我們可以繼續(xù)討論而不受打擾。

The car ran so fast that I couldn't see who was in it. 汽車(chē)跑得那么快，我沒(méi)看清誰(shuí)坐在里面。

5.連詞than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用來(lái)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

He is better educated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的教育好。

He is as well educated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一樣好。

He is not as/so well educated as his brother. 他沒(méi)有他兄弟受的教育好。

6.連詞although, though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;where, wherever 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

I'll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪兒，我就去那兒。

Stay where you are! 原地別動(dòng)!

Though/Although she is rich, she's not happy. 盡管她富有，但她并不幸福。

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，連詞性質(zhì)的連接詞連接兩個(gè)分句或引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，兩個(gè)分句或主從復(fù)合句之間用逗號(hào)連接。

(三)副詞性連接詞

副詞性質(zhì)的連接詞不能象連詞一樣分句或主從復(fù)合句之間用逗號(hào)連接。也就是說(shuō)它們不能連接兩個(gè)分句或引導(dǎo)從句。它們引導(dǎo)的句子與前面的句子之間要用分號(hào)或句號(hào)，而它們與引導(dǎo)的句子之間往往用逗號(hào)。副詞性質(zhì)的連接詞在寫(xiě)作中常常使用，主要分為以下幾類(lèi)：

1.表示順序的，如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等。尤其要注意then. 如：

誤：He graduated from college in 2003, then he found a job.

正：He graduated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.或者He graduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.

2.表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的，如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 與in addition to 的區(qū)別：in addition 是副詞性質(zhì);而in addition to 是介詞性質(zhì)，后面必須接賓語(yǔ)。

3.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的，如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 當(dāng)成連詞。如：

誤：In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD), however, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.

正：In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). However, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.