2016考研英語經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人熱點(diǎn)：土耳其大選 反對(duì)票會(huì)占多大比例

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Turkey's election

土耳其大選

How big will the protest vote be?

反對(duì)票會(huì)占多大比例?

Why the ruling AK party may not do as well on June7th as in the past

土耳其執(zhí)政黨正義與發(fā)展黨在6月7日大選的表現(xiàn)為何會(huì)不如以往

THE Justice and Development (AK) party has won three general elections in a row, mostrecently in 2011. Yet although it seems certain to win over 40% of the vote and remain thelargest party after the election on June 7th, it is losing ground. Many things that helped AK arebeing reversed. The economy, its strongest suit, has run out of steam. Recep Tayyip Erdogan,AK's charismatic former prime minister, who became Turkey's first directly elected president inAugust, has become increasingly despotic and out of touch. And some opposition parties nowlook more appealing.

土耳其正義與發(fā)展黨已連續(xù)贏得三次大選，最近的一次是在2011年。盡管正發(fā)黨對(duì)于6月7日的普選似乎勝券在握，認(rèn)為自己能夠贏得超過40%的選票并且其最大執(zhí)政黨的位置依然屹立不倒，然而，正發(fā)黨的執(zhí)政地位正日益失勢(shì)。益于正發(fā)黨之事也漸漸與其對(duì)立起來。其強(qiáng)項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面也已經(jīng)疲軟。正發(fā)黨前首相埃爾多安魅力超凡，曾是首位于八月被直接推選而出的土耳其總統(tǒng)，如今的他卻越來越專制與脫節(jié)。當(dāng)下，不少反對(duì)黨看起來更具有吸引力。

The main centre-left Republican People's Party (CHP) has changed tack. Its leader, KemalKilicdaroglu, has ditched his shrilly anti-Erdogan rhetoric of old and is hitting AK hard on theeconomy. His pledges to double the minimum wage and to improve the lot of some 11mpensioners may sound populist, yet they have resonance. Two-thirds of CHP candidates wereelected in primaries. And Mr Kilicdaroglu has managed to bring in female candidates such asSelina Dogan, an ethnic Armenian lawyer, and Selin Sayek Boke, a respected Arab Christianeconomist. Ultra-secular dinosaurs have gone.

最大的左翼共和人民黨改變了策略。其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人齊力·克達(dá)洛格魯也摒棄了他過去關(guān)于反埃爾多安的尖銳說辭，在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面對(duì)正發(fā)黨發(fā)起重?fù)簟Ｋ�承諾會(huì)將最低工資翻上一番，并提高約一千一百萬養(yǎng)老金領(lǐng)取人群的數(shù)量，聽起來民粹主義，然而反響不錯(cuò)。左翼共和人民黨中三分之二的候選人都是經(jīng)過初選選拔而來。克達(dá)洛格魯想法設(shè)法引入了一些女性候選人，例如少數(shù)民族亞美尼亞律師賽琳娜·多根，受人景仰的阿拉伯經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家與基督教徒賽琳·薩耶克·博克。超世俗的守舊時(shí)代已遠(yuǎn)去。

Alas, the newly colourful CHP is still not expected to add much to the 26% it got in 2011. Butthat is partly because some supporters are defecting to another opposition party, the pro-Kurdish People's Democracy Party (HDP). The HDP is a challenge to Mr Erdogan because hisdream of an executive presidency depends on its share of the vote. Previously the Kurdsfielded independent candidates to get around the minimum 10% threshold for seats in theparliament. But the HDP is now running nationally. Should it get over 10% of the vote, it willpick up 50-60 seats, leaving AK well short of the minimum 330 deputies required to proposeconstitutional changes, including an executive presidency.

可惜的是，新晉共和人民黨仍沒有太大希望超過2011年，得到多于26%選票。一部分原因是某些追隨者叛變投向諸如親庫爾德人民民主黨的其他反對(duì)黨。親庫爾德人民民主黨對(duì)于埃爾多安而言是項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)樗�的�?zhí)行主席之夢(mèng)需要依靠選票來實(shí)現(xiàn)。此前，庫爾德人派出的獨(dú)立候選人在議會(huì)中所占席位最低大約10%。然而，如今共和人民黨的勢(shì)力正在土耳其全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)推行蔓延。如果共和人民黨能夠贏得超過10%的選票，它將在議會(huì)獲得50-60的席位，那么正發(fā)黨則無法湊齊包括執(zhí)行主席在內(nèi)的至少330位議會(huì)代表的提議來完成憲法修改。

Some pollsters think AK might even fall short of the 276 seats it needs for a simple majority. Itwould then have to form a coalition with the third main opposition party, the far-rightNationalist Action Party (MHP), since both the CHP and the HDP say they will not go intogovernment with AK. If, however, the HDP does not clear the 10% hurdle, AK will inherit all itsseats, clearing the way not just for a renewed single-party government but perhaps for MrErdogan's executive presidency.

一些民意調(diào)查機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為正發(fā)黨達(dá)不到一般獲勝票選所需的276個(gè)席位。接下來它必須要與第三方的反對(duì)黨----極右翼的民族行動(dòng)黨進(jìn)行強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)手的合作，因?yàn)楣埠腿嗣顸h與親庫爾德人民民主黨揚(yáng)言不會(huì)與正發(fā)黨一同加入政府。不過，如果親庫爾德人民民主黨沒有清除掉那10%的障礙，正發(fā)黨將獲得其在議會(huì)的所有席位，這不僅為能復(fù)興一黨執(zhí)政的政府掃清道路，可能也能為埃爾多安的執(zhí)行主席之位掃除障礙。

The HDP owes its rising fortunes in part to its co-chair, Selahattin Demirtas. With his youthfullooks and biting wit, the former human-rights lawyer from Diyarbakir makes Mr Erdogan seem ahas-been. All over Turkey, bejewelled dowagers, hipsters and factory workers say they mayvote HDP either because they “like Demirtas” or because “it's the only way to stop Erdogan.”This is a sea change. The HDP was long seen as the political arm of the Kurdistan Workers'Party (PKK), the rebels fighting for Kurdish self-rule since 1984. Few doubt that the PKK and itsimprisoned leader, Abdullah Ocalan, still hold much sway. But a ceasefire that has held sinceMarch 2013 has legitimised the HDP. Winning more seats in parliament would propel the Kurdsfurther into the mainstream and loosen the rebels' grip. Being shut out would have theopposite effect.

親庫爾德人民民主黨的好運(yùn)一部分歸功于其聯(lián)合主席塞拉·德米塔斯，這位來自德亞巴克爾的前任人權(quán)律師，一表人才、犀利機(jī)智，反倒是埃爾多安顯得過氣起來。縱觀整個(gè)土耳其，無論是珠光寶氣的貴婦、時(shí)尚流行的潮人，還是辛勤勞作的工人都表示自己或許會(huì)將選票投給親庫爾德人民民主黨，理由要么是“敬仰德米塔斯”，要么是“這是唯一能夠阻止埃爾多安的方法”。這是一場(chǎng)席卷的變革。親庫爾德人民民主黨長(zhǎng)期以來一直被視作庫爾德工人黨在政治上的左膀右臂，自1984年起便致力于庫爾德人自制的斗爭(zhēng)中。無人質(zhì)疑庫爾德工人黨，其已被監(jiān)禁的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人阿布拉杜·奧賈蘭仍然擁有舉足輕重的地位。2013年3月的停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定使得親庫爾德人民民主黨合法化。在議會(huì)中贏得更多的席位將推進(jìn)庫爾德人成為政治主流，解放反叛。如被拒之門外，效果會(huì)大大相反。

Although it was Mr Erdogan who initiated peace with the Kurds, he has hit the campaign trail,Koran in hand, ranting about Mr Demirtas's supposed “terrorist connections” and lack of faith.The HDP has to lure pro-AK Kurds into switching sides if it is to squeak past the threshold. “Kurds in the big western cities like Istanbul and Izmir hold the key,” concludes Behlul Ozkan, apolitical scientist. The HDP's victory is “by no means guaranteed”

盡管埃爾多安倡導(dǎo)與庫爾德人和平共處，他卻手持《可蘭經(jīng)》，在競(jìng)選游說中大放其詞稱德米塔斯可能“與恐怖分子有來往”，無信仰不忠誠(chéng)。若親庫爾德人民民主黨想要僥幸逃過所謂的門檻，他們必須要引誘正發(fā)黨的庫爾德人轉(zhuǎn)變政治傾向。“庫爾德人在諸如伊斯坦布爾與伊茲密爾的西方大城市很關(guān)鍵，”政治科學(xué)家Behlul Ozkan如是說。親庫爾德人民民主黨是否能夠取勝誰也無法保證。

【重點(diǎn)講解】

1.as well 也;同樣;又;還

例句:There may be travel expense,as well.

可能還有旅途費(fèi)用。

2.such as 例如;諸如

例句:We dislike people such as him.

我們不喜歡像他這號(hào)人。

3.pick up 撿起;拾起;拿起

例句:She would cleverly pick up on what I said.

她會(huì)非常聰慧地領(lǐng)悟我所說的話。

4.fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)

例句:We are prepared to fight for every inch of territory.

我們時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著為每一寸領(lǐng)土而戰(zhàn)。