2016考研英語(yǔ)閱讀推理題解題流程

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【解題流程】

一、識(shí)別

infer， learn， imply， conclude， suggest， indicate等出現(xiàn)在題干中時(shí)，可基本判定其為推理題。

二、分類

1.細(xì)節(jié)性推理：題干中包含有具體定位信息(做法等同細(xì)節(jié)題，有時(shí)比細(xì)節(jié)題更簡(jiǎn)單)。

2.段落性推理：題干中包含有具體段落號(hào)(從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中尋找定位信息或原文常考出題點(diǎn))。

3.全文性推理：題干中包含主體詞或無(wú)定位信息(從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中尋找定位信息，或遵循順序原則)。

三、常考出題點(diǎn)

1.段落首末句、主題句、觀點(diǎn)句;

2.與主題密切相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié);

3.轉(zhuǎn)折的地方;

4.強(qiáng)調(diào)或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的地方。

四、實(shí)質(zhì)和解題原則

1.實(shí)質(zhì)

考研推理題本質(zhì)上還是一種同義改寫(xiě)，推理通常為正反推理和歸納總結(jié);

2.解題原則

(1)主題大于細(xì)節(jié)，觀點(diǎn)大于論據(jù);

(2)推理必須以原文為依據(jù);

(3)特別關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折。

【真題解析】

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys， like humans， are guided by social emotions. In the wild， they are a co-operative， group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation， it seems， are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However， whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans， or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago， is， as yet， an unanswered question.

What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as human do.

[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

題型識(shí)別：推理題(段落)

題干定位：最后一段

思路解析：段落推理題需要將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)和原文進(jìn)行逐一比對(duì)，優(yōu)先考慮和段落的觀點(diǎn)以及轉(zhuǎn)折處相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)。

選項(xiàng)分析：A最后一段第一句：研究表明像人一樣，猴子也是受社會(huì)情緒引導(dǎo)的。由此可知猴子是不需要訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)生社會(huì)情緒的，這是猴子天生就會(huì)的。C在表達(dá)自我情緒的開(kāi)放程度上，文章沒(méi)有對(duì)人和猴子進(jìn)行比較。D錯(cuò)誤的原因：文中明確表示合作穩(wěn)定的前提是公平而不是在野外。B對(duì)應(yīng)最后一段轉(zhuǎn)折。句式分析后簡(jiǎn)化為：such a sense of fairness evolved from where is an unanswered question。human indignation對(duì)應(yīng)such a sense of fairness， an uncertain source對(duì)應(yīng)is an unanswered question，很完美的同義替換。

很多人不知道考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的文體到底是什么，可以明確的是，是議論文，哪怕是科普性的文章也是側(cè)重對(duì)文中觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查。在閱讀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化試題中，我們都可以把閱讀分為三個(gè)部分：原文、題干和選項(xiàng)。原文是解題的依據(jù)，題干是解題的路標(biāo)，選項(xiàng)是解題的關(guān)鍵。