例句:To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies.(認為孩子學習是考模仿,教育的方式就是樹立榜樣,這些說法都過于簡單了。)
解析:句子主干為To say ... oversimplifies. 這個句子的難點就在于充當主語的是一個動詞不定式:To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example;且在這個不定式中出現了兩個并列的賓語從句做say的賓語,加大了理解難度。the child learns by imitation是第一個賓語從句,the way to teach is to set a good example是第二個賓語從句。
二、非謂語動詞做定語
作用:代替起修飾限定作用的定語從句,使句子更簡潔。
例句:The women picking the blackberry is her mother.(那個摘黑莓的女人就是她媽媽。)
解析:句子的主干是the women is her mother,非謂語動詞picking the blackberry作為定語修飾the women,其實相當于一個定語從句,可以改寫成 the women who is picking the blackberry.
三、非謂語動詞做狀語
作用:將兩個具有共同主語的句子合為一個,使句子更簡潔。
例句:Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.(面對困難,我們必須克服他們。)
解析:主干是we must try to overcome them,非謂語動詞faced with difficulties作為狀語,修飾主句。這句話可以改寫為兩個短句:(1)We are faced with difficulties. (2)We must try to overcome them. 注意,在合并的過程中,非謂語動詞的時態要根據情況作出相應變化。