2016考研英語：“解鎖”新題型

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新題型屬于考研英語試卷中Part B部分的題目，是從2007年開始加入的一種考研英語題型，重點(diǎn)考查句與句之間以及段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。英語（一）涉及到三種考查形式：排序題，七選五，小標(biāo)題對應(yīng)。這三種形式中，小標(biāo)題對應(yīng)只考查過一次，對于備考的同學(xué)重點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備前兩種即可。下面都教授就相關(guān)解題規(guī)律總結(jié)如下：

一、題型特點(diǎn)

1.排序題：對7-8個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排序，其中2-3個(gè)段落已給出。

2.七選五：共5個(gè)空，在6，7個(gè)選項(xiàng)里以補(bǔ)充完整5空。

二、基本方法

無論是哪一種形式都側(cè)重上下文內(nèi)容邏輯關(guān)系的識別。因此總的解題策略：流覽各段首尾句，首抓關(guān)鍵信息。

三、解題原則之復(fù)現(xiàn)

所謂的復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是相關(guān)解題信息的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)涉及到原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，同義、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)以及反義復(fù)現(xiàn)等。掌握這種解題方法，能夠幫助我們迅速破解難題。

【2010年】

[B]①Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. ②Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limit success, and expansion abroad. ③But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard：the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

[F]①For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. ②Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

【分析】[F]選項(xiàng)中首句中的wholesale food and drink和[B]選項(xiàng)中最后一句話的the wholesale food and drink形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

【2012年】

①Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. ②The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.  ③ (45)                       

[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

【分析】[G] 選項(xiàng)中the flow與45題前flowing形成同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

四、解題原則之代詞指代

代詞常指代前文中出現(xiàn)過的名詞，當(dāng)某個(gè)選項(xiàng)句首或句尾出現(xiàn)代詞時(shí)，要格外敏感，通過找指代，可以迅速的把兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)連在一起。

【2010年】

[D]①All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. ②Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. ③At least, that is how it looks as a whole. ④Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. ⑤Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. ⑥New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.

[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

【分析】2010年真題的新題型考查的是排序題。 [G] 選項(xiàng)的句首的these requirements與[D]選項(xiàng)最后一句are needed too 形成照應(yīng)的關(guān)系。

【2012年】

①For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. ②Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. ③(44)             

[F]One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.

【分析】 2012年真題的新題型考查的是七選五。[F] 選項(xiàng)首句出現(xiàn)了this pyramid of production. “this”這個(gè)明顯的指示代詞，說明前面會出現(xiàn)pyramid of production。44題前文中則出現(xiàn)了a pyramid of production。此時(shí)形成一種明顯的照應(yīng)關(guān)系。

新題型是個(gè)技巧性很強(qiáng)的專項(xiàng)，建議考研的同學(xué)們能掌握些重要的解題技巧，尤其是對于英語語感不太好的小伙伴們，更要懂得利用“巧勁”作答。新題型滿分是10分，英語基礎(chǔ)不好的同學(xué)可以試著將目標(biāo)定在6-8分，不要一心渴求完美。在接下來的時(shí)間里，通過練習(xí)，達(dá)到迅速提分的目的。