2016考研英語：圖表作文之圖表描述術(shù)語

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眾所周知，圖表作文是考研英語(二)寫作PART B部分的常考題型。圖表作文的寫作任務(wù)通常包括圖表描述與圖表評(píng)論兩部分，而在這兩項(xiàng)任務(wù)中，圖表描述是廣大考生的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，鑒于此，老師特整理描述圖表時(shí)的高頻術(shù)語，供2016考研學(xué)子在復(fù)習(xí)2016考研英語時(shí)參考學(xué)習(xí)。

1. 圖表及圖表類型

1) 圖表： chart, graph, diagram;

2) 各類圖表：

表格：table;

柱形圖：bar chart 或column chart;

餅形圖：pie chart;

線形圖：line chart 或curve chart;

2. 表達(dá)圖表中數(shù)據(jù)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化的名詞或動(dòng)詞

1) “數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)”相關(guān)

(1) the number of sth.

(2) data, statistics, figures

(3) hundred, thousand, million, billion

(4) around, over, appropriately

2) 表達(dá)“上升”

(1)常見詞匯

increase → (名詞形式increase )

rise (不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞rise→rose→risen) → (名詞形式rise)

grow (不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞grow→grew→grown) → (名詞形式growth)

go up

注意以下短語數(shù)量上的區(qū)別：

increase by +數(shù)字 上升到...

increase to +數(shù)字 上升了...

reach to +數(shù)字 達(dá)到...

(2) 其他詞匯

climb : rise, usually slowly 爬升

leap : move or act quickly or suddenly 跳躍，劇增

rocket : increase very rapidly 迅速增加

(3) 地道表達(dá)

double, triple

3) 表達(dá)“下降”

(1) 常見詞匯

decrease (名詞形式decrease )

drop (名詞形式drop)

fall (不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞fall→fell→fallen) → (名詞形式fall)

decline (名詞形式decline )

go down

(2) 其他詞匯

plunge: fall steeply 跳水，猛跌

plummet: drop sharply 垂直落下

sink: to fall, drop, or descend gradually to a lower level 下沉，沉沒

dip: decline slightly and usually temporarily 下沉

4) 表達(dá)“波動(dòng)”

fluctuate (名詞形式fluctuation )

go up and down

rise and fall

5) 表達(dá)“保持平穩(wěn)”

remain stable (或 remain constant)

level off = move toward stability or consistency (趨向平穩(wěn))

3.描述數(shù)據(jù)變化方向和幅度的形容詞(配合名詞)、副詞(配合動(dòng)詞)

1) 變化快、劇烈、明顯

dramatic, drastic, sharp, steep, quick, rapid, sudden, significant, considerable

2) 變化慢、微弱、不明顯

slight, moderate, modest, slow, marginal, gradually, steady

4.常用短語：“動(dòng)詞配副詞”和“形容詞配名詞”

1) v. + adv.

decline slowly

grow dramatically

fluctuate sharply

2) adj. + n.

a slow decline

a dramatic growth

a sharp fluctuation

a slight increase

a significant increase

3) on a +adj.+ n

例如：如上述柱形圖所示，過去二十年間中國城鎮(zhèn)人口已經(jīng)顯著上升。該句至少有以下兩種表達(dá)：

1)As is revealed in the above bar chart, the urban population in China has grow dramatically in the past two decades.

2)As is revealed in the above bar chart, the urban population in China has been on a dramatic growth in the past two decades.

對(duì)于備考2016考研英語圖表作文的考生來講， 掌握以上圖表術(shù)語及相關(guān)表達(dá)，可提升考生在描述圖表時(shí)的專業(yè)性、規(guī)范性與豐富性，從而提升自身作文的檔次，繼而在寫作這個(gè)題型取得更理想的成績。