2016考研英語：盤點(diǎn)圖表作文的描述重點(diǎn)

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2016考研現(xiàn)場確認(rèn)在即，每年這個(gè)時(shí)候都是考生全面復(fù)習(xí)作文的時(shí)候。眾所周知，圖表作文是英語二常考的作文類型，不同于圖畫作文，圖表作文有自己獨(dú)有的寫作詞匯和寫作模式，而且每一種圖表在描述上都有差異。因此，都教授特別整理各類圖表作文的描述重點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)大家的復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。

（一） 表格：table

1. 極值

1）Female literacy rate is the highest in Singapore. (注意，用highest 而不是most)

2）Sri Lanka has the lowest proportion of women workforce. (注意，用lowest而不是most)

3）Food is the biggest item of expenditure for an average Australian family.

2. 排序

1）Europeans are the leading ethnicity, followed by Asians, mixed races and others.

2）England is where the most books are bought with 81% of the market. Wales comes next with 10% closely followed by Scotland with 8%. Northern Ireland lies last with only 1% of the market.

（二）柱狀圖：bar chart/ column chart

柱狀圖中經(jīng)常需要對(duì)不同數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比

1.比較級(jí)

1）In managerial positions, there are more men than women.

2）A greater percentage of men than women are found in managerial positions.

3）The percentage of men employed in managerial positions is much larger than that of women in these occupations.

4）Women spend longer time on household work than men.

2. 表示對(duì)比的句式

while / whereas / compared with

（三） 餅狀圖：pie chart

1. 百分之 / 百分比

1) percent

2) percentage

3) proportion, share, rate

2.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比的轉(zhuǎn)換

為了避免數(shù)據(jù)描述的單調(diào)，有時(shí)可以用分?jǐn)?shù)來替代百分比，例如：

50% half

25% a quarter

75% three quarters

33% a third/ one third

67% two thirds

3.“占”的表達(dá)

1) A 占到B的百分之X：

A account for / make up / constitute X% of B

2) A由B構(gòu)成：

A consist of B/ A be made up of B/ A be composed of B

（四） 線形圖line chart

極值：最高點(diǎn)和最低點(diǎn)

1. 達(dá)到最大值：reach a peak

2. 達(dá)到最小值：reach the lowest point

在備考圖表作文時(shí)，考生應(yīng)能掌握以上圖表術(shù)語及相關(guān)表達(dá)，這樣可以極大提升考生在描述圖表時(shí)的專業(yè)性、規(guī)范性與豐富性，從而提升自身作文檔次，繼而在寫作這個(gè)題型取得更理想的成績。所以，針對(duì)以上詞匯及表達(dá)，希望大家能夠做到會(huì)背誦，會(huì)默寫，會(huì)運(yùn)用。

從2010年到2015年，這六年的考研英語（二）圖表作文中，最受青睞的圖表類型是柱形圖，考過四次，而表格和餅形圖分別各考過一次。因此，2016考研的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該集中在常考的柱形圖和至今仍然未考過的線形圖上。不過，考生也萬不可抱有僥幸心理，認(rèn)為只準(zhǔn)備這兩類小作文題型就可以了，復(fù)習(xí)還是應(yīng)該全面，才能做到有備無患。天道酬勤，預(yù)祝大家復(fù)習(xí)順利！