2016考研英語(yǔ)時(shí)文泛讀：文明的一致性

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閱讀是考研英語(yǔ)的“半壁江山”，“語(yǔ)感”更是閱讀的生命線，無(wú)論何時(shí)對(duì)閱讀的訓(xùn)練都不能懈怠。今天推薦一篇科學(xué)性較強(qiáng)的文章，希望能對(duì)2016考研人有所幫助。

A Culture of Consent

文明的一致性

More than 50 years after the WI-38 cell line was derived from a fetus, science and society has still to get to grips with the ethical issues of using human tissue in research.

從胎兒體內(nèi)培養(yǎng)出WI-38細(xì)胞株后，50多年過(guò)去了，在利用人體組織做研究方面，科學(xué)和社會(huì)與倫理問(wèn)題依然存在分歧。

A scientist grows the tissue into a cell line. The cell line becomes one of the most important medical tools worldwide. Millions of lives are saved and millions of dollars made. The woman who made the breakthrough possible and her family are largely forgotten. Sound familiar?

一個(gè)科學(xué)家將一個(gè)組織培養(yǎng)成了一個(gè)細(xì)胞系。這個(gè)細(xì)胞系成為全球最重要的醫(yī)療工具之一。數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的生命得到拯救，并創(chuàng)下了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)值。當(dāng)一個(gè)女人完成這種巨大的突破性成就時(shí)，她可能幾乎已經(jīng)遺忘了她的家庭了。這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很熟悉吧？

That story describes the development of the famous He La cell line, grown from cancer tissue taken from a poor black woman. Until now, that story has failed to reach the broad audience it deserves.

這個(gè)故事描述的是著名的海拉細(xì)胞系的發(fā)展，它成長(zhǎng)于一個(gè)窮困的黑人婦女身上的癌細(xì)胞組織。直到現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)故事也未能得到它應(yīng)有的廣泛關(guān)注。

The cell line in this case is called WI-38, in which the initials represent the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where the early work was done. WI-38 has arguably had an even bigger impact on science and medicine than the He La line. They have been widely used for the production of virus vaccines given to many people worldwide—against rubella, for instance—and in research as a prototypical normal human cell.

這個(gè)案例中的細(xì)胞系被稱為WI-38，縮寫(xiě)的首字母代表了在賓夕法尼亞州的費(fèi)城威斯塔研究院的解剖學(xué)和生物學(xué)。在那里，前期工作已經(jīng)完成�？梢哉f(shuō)WI-38比海拉細(xì)胞系在科學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的領(lǐng)域有著更大的影響。他們已經(jīng)在全世界被廣泛的用于生產(chǎn)病毒疫苗，比如說(shuō)風(fēng)疹疫苗，并且被當(dāng)作一個(gè)典型的正常人類細(xì)胞在進(jìn)行研究。

More than half a century ago, a Swedish woman had her pregnancy terminated and the WI-38cells were grown from tissue samples taken from the lungs of the fetus. That makes some people uncomfortable, but fetal tissue remains a useful and common tool in medicine today.In addition to it use in vaccine production, it has been used to make drugs against rheumatoid arthritis and cystic fibrosis.

半個(gè)多世紀(jì)前，一個(gè)瑞典女人終止妊娠，而WI-38來(lái)自于胎兒肺部的組織樣本。這讓有些人覺(jué)得不舒服，但胎兒組織直到今天在醫(yī)學(xué)界仍然是一個(gè)有用的并且常見(jiàn)的工具。它除了用于疫苗生產(chǎn)之外，通常也被用于制造治療類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎和囊胞性纖維癥一類的藥品。

考試當(dāng)前，在閱讀中保證復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)度、保持英語(yǔ)的感覺(jué)，對(duì)于最終考場(chǎng)上的致勝大有裨益。希望這篇文章能對(duì)你起到幫助。